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Monel R405 is the free machining version of Monel 400. It is a nickel-copper alloy with a controlled amount of sulfur added to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Like Monel 400, alloy R-405 is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. Monel R405 is a solid solution alloy that can only be hardened by cold working. This nickel alloy exhibits characteristics like good corrosion-resistance, good weldability and high strength. A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in most freshwaters, and its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions led to its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions. This nickel steel alloy is particularly resistant to hydrochloric when they are de-aerated. As would be expected from its high copper content, alloy R-405 is rapidly attacked by acid and ammonia systems.
The chemical composition of stainless steel grade Monel R405 is outlined in the following table.
| C | Si | Mn | Fe | S | Cu | Ni |
| 3.0MAX | 5.0MAX | 2.0MAX | 2.5MAX | 0.25-0.60 | 28.0-34.0 | 63.0min |
| Grade | UNS | DIN | EN | AMS | ASTM | JIS | |
| Monel R405 | N04405 |
|
2.4363 |
AMS 4674
|
ASTM B164
|
- | |
Due to sulfur addition for free machining, welding is not possible for MONEL R405.
| Condition | Tensile (ksi) | 2% Yield (ksi) | Elongation % | Hardness Brinell (3000 kg) | Hardness Rockwell B |
|
Annealed
|
70-85
|
25-40
|
50-35
|
110-140
|
60-76
|
|
Hot-Finished
|
75-90
|
35-60
|
45-30
|
130-170
|
72-86
|
|
Cold-Drawn, As-Drawn
|
85-115
|
50-105
|
35-15
|
160-245
|
85-23C
|
Monel R-405 is fabricated, pickled and heat-treated by the same procedures as for alloy 400. It is not recommended for forging. However, R-405 alloy was especially developed for good machinability and is recommended for use with automatic screw machines. The nickel -copper sulfides resulting from the sulfur in its composition act as chip breakers.
This nickel alloy also has the same procedures and processes as alloy 400 and can be joined by standard welding, brazing and soldering techniques. Just as with alloy 400, R-405 can easily be welded by gas - tungsten arc, gas metal arc, or shielded metal arc processes using appropriate filler metals. There is no need for post weld heat treatment, however, thorough cleaning after welding is critical for optimum corrosion resistance, otherwise there is the risk of contamination and embrittlement.
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