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Super alloys or high performance alloys have the ability to function at temperatures above 540ºC (1000ºF) with deformation resistance and high surface stability. As they have good oxidation and creep resistance, super alloys can be commonly forged, rolled to sheet or produced in various shapes. Iron-base, nickel-base and cobalt-base alloys are the major types of super alloys. Nickel-base and cobalt-base super alloys may be cast or wrought based on its composition or application. The iron-base super alloys are generally wrought alloys with stainless steel technology. These alloys can be strengthened by precipitation hardening, work hardening and solid-solution hardening.
Hastelloy G3 alloy has high tungsten and molybdenum contents, which makes it resistant to corrosion.
The following section will discuss in detail about Hastelloy G3 alloy.
The following table shows the chemical composition of Hastelloy G3 alloy.
| Element | Content (%) |
| Chromium, Cr | 21-23.5 |
| Iron, Fe | 18-21 |
| Molybdenum, Mo | 6-8 |
| Cobalt, Co | 5 max |
| Copper, Cu | 1.5-2.5 |
| Tungsten, W | 1.5 max |
| Silicon, Si | 1 max |
| Manganese, Mn | 1 max |
| Niobium+Tantalum (Ni+Ta) | 0.5 max |
| Phosphorus, P | 0.04 max |
| Sulfur, S | 0.03 max |
| Carbon, C | 0.015 max |
| Nickel, Ni | Remainder |
The physical properties of Hastelloy G3 alloy are given in the following table.
| Properties | Metric | Imperial |
| Density | 8.3 g/cm³ | 0.3 lb/in³ |
| Melting point | 1343ºC | 2450ºF |
Equivalent materials to Hastelloy G3 alloy are the following:
Machinability |
Hastelloy G3 alloy can be machined using conventional techniques employed for iron based alloys. The quality of the alloy can be improved with the utilization of water-base coolants. Heavy duty machining tools and equipment can be used prior to cutting in order to reduce chattering or work-hardening of the alloy. |
Forming |
Hastelloy G3 alloy can be formed through conventional forming methods. |
Welding |
Welding of Hastelloy G3 alloy is performed through commonly used welding techniques like gas tungsten arc welding, shielded metal-arc welding, metal-arc welding and submerged-arc welding. However, an alloy filler metal that suits this alloy should be used. |
Cold working |
Hastelloy G3 alloy can be cold worked using standard tooling methods. As plain carbon steels produce galling, they are not preferred for forming Hastelloy G3 alloy. Galling can be minimized with the help of heavy duty lubricants. |
Annealing |
Annealing of Hastelloy G3 alloy can be performed at 1177ºC (2150ºF) followed by rapid cooling of air and water quenching. |
Hardening |
Hastelloy G3 alloy can be hardened by cold working. |
Applications |
Hastelloy G3 alloy finds its application in the manufacture of process equipment for mixed acids, sulfate compounds and flue gas scrubbers. |
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