| Customization: | Available |
|---|---|
| Type: | Seamless |
| Technique: | Hot Rolled |
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Grade 316L, the low carbon version of 316 and is immune from sensitization (grain boundary carbide precipitation). Thus it is extensively used in heavy gauge welded components (over about 6mm). There is commonly no appreciable price difference between 316 and 316L stainless steel.
The austenitic structure also gives these grades excellent toughness, even down to cryogenic temperatures.
Compared to chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels, 316L stainless steel offers higher creep, stress to rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures.
Composition ranges for 316L stainless steel.
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
| 316L | Min | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
| Max | 0.03 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 |
Mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel.
| Grade | Tensile Str (MPa) min | Yield Str 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elong (% inElong (% in 50 mm) min 50 mm) min |
Hardness | |
| Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
| 316L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Typical physical properties for 316-grade stainless steels.
| Grade | Density (kg/Density (kg/m3) m3) |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Co-eff of Thermal Expansion (µm/m/°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-100 °C (J/kg.K) | Elec Resistivity (nΩ.m) | |||
| 0-100 °C | 0-315 °C | 0-538 °C | At 100 °C | At 500 °C | |||||
| 316/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 500 | 740 |
| Grade | UNS | JIS | EN | AMS | ASTM | BS | |
| 316L |
UNS S31603 |
SUS 316L | 1.4404 |
|
316S11 | ||
Excellent in a range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media - generally more resistant than 304. Subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 60 °C. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 1000 mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 500 mg/L at 60 °C.
316 is usually regarded as the standard "marine grade stainless steel", but it is not resistant to warm seawater. In many marine environments, 316 does exhibit surface corrosion, usually visible as brown staining. This is particularly associated with crevices and rough surface finish.
Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 870 °C and in continuous service to 925 °C. Continuous use of 316 in the 425-860 °C range is not recommended if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important. Grade 316L is more resistant to carbide precipitation and can be used in the above temperature range. Grade 316H has higher strength at elevated temperatures and is sometimes used for structural and pressure-containing applications at temperatures above about 500 °C.
Possible alternative grades to 316 stainless steel.
| Grade | Why it might be chosen instead of 316? |
| 317L | Higher resistance to chlorides than 316L, but with similar resistance to stress corrosion cracking. |
316L stainless steel is not generally weldable using oxyacetylene welding methods.
316L stainless steel is also easier to machine compared to 316 stainless steel due to its lower carbon content.
Most common cold working operations such as shearing, drawing, and stamping can be performed on 316L stainless steel. Post-work annealing should be carried out to remove internal stresses.
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